A Dangerous World
Jeremy GayedIt is endlessly fascinating to watch Chicago Mayor Richard Daley continue to fight any effort to overturn local laws absolutely prohibiting gun ownership, even inside of the home. In response to the landmark Supreme Court decision District of Columbia v. Heller, which held that the Second Amendment explicates an individual right to keep and bear weapons for hunting, for self-defense, and, in the last extreme, for the overthrow of a corrupt government, Daley sarcastically said this:
“Oh, because the Supreme Court’s done it we’re just gonna dismiss it and all of a sudden people can arm themselves.”
The statement is telling, as it presumes that weapons ownership is incontrovertibly evil, undesireable, and without benefit. Daley statements are often in this vein, unjustifiably assuming that eliminating guns is the “only” way to secure the safety of Chicago’s youth.
Mayor Daley’s assumption is based on a grain of truth: guns are dangerous. Guns aren’t toys, sporting devices, or tools. They are weapons intended to do harm, and the best safety practices in the world cannot make them completely safe. When Mayor Daley laments that a world with legal gun ownership is a dangerous world, he is telling the truth.
He is not, however, telling the whole truth. There is another side to the story. With or without guns, the world is a dangerous place, which harbors a few violent people who will hurt whoever they can, whenever the opportunity presents, regardless of whether they are able to obtain a gun. A criminal is definitionally lawless; it follows, therefore, that no gun control law will deter him from arming himself. It is folly to think that a man willing to risk 15 years in prison to rob a bank or rape a woman will refuse to carry a gun for fear of a few more years in the can.
Another part of the truth that Mayor Daley neglects to tell is that the police cannot and will not protect each of us twenty-four hours per day. When a criminal commits an act of violence, the police arrive after the fact, investigate, and clean up the mess. Their mission is no greater, and they are equipped to do no more. Attacks–even fatal ones–last mere seconds. Despite their best efforts, the police are rarely able to arrive in time to save the victim from harm.
In the name of making safe a dangerous world, Mayor Daley merely creates a worse state of danger. A citizenry that is legally compelled to wait for the police rather than resist an attack itself has literally placed its lives into the hands of the government. History has shown there is no more dangerous place.
Putting aside the specter and possibility of government violence against an unarmed population, Daley’s gun-less utopia creates (as Chicago’s crime statistics demonstrate) huge unavoidable risks for vulnerable individuals. Through most of history, the small and weak were the primary victims of crime for the simple reason that physical strength was the most important factor in determining who would prevail in a physical struggle. It is an ugly but undeniable truth that a 120-pound woman (even armed with a bottle of pepper spray or other trendy non-lethal ‘weapon’) doesn’t stand a fighting chance against a strong and determined male aggressor. Of all the inventions in all of human history, only one enables a small woman to defend herself on equal terms against a drastically larger and stronger aggressor: a gun. With a gun and adequate training, the physically weak need not be victims. In a society with enough gun owners, criminals can no longer safely choose victims based on size or gender, because a 120-pound woman becomes as potentially risky a target as a 250-pound man. In such a society–an anti-Daley utopia, so to speak–a violent criminal cannot be certain of attacking anyone without risking a deadly response.
The categorical gun control advocated by Mayor Daley will not change the ugly facts of violence, nor will it alter the crime statistics of the city of Chicago. The only change that would affect the hard realities of brute force in favor of law-abiding citizens is the change Daley is so committed to fighting that he mocked the Supreme Court for stating the plain fact of the Second Amendment’s meaning. Daley’s utopia has no room for rights, particularly those that create less reliance on government.
There is, of course, an even more compelling reason for the legal ownership of guns–and, for that reason, one even more anathema to Mayor Daley. The drafters of our Constitution determined that only way to keep the our government out of corrupt and dictatorial hands was to give the people the means to slap those hands away, should such drastic action ever become necessary. This promise, and its consequences, is one of the bedrock principles of government. The Second Amendment embodies a value judgment by the Founders that we are simply not entitled to purchase a false promise of security by disarming ourselves, and thus putting at risk all of our liberties and the future of liberty itself. Mayor Daley thinks he knows better, and he would strike the fool’s bargain the Constitution prohibits us from making.

June 30th, 2009 at 2:32 pm
The bumper sticker phrase, “If guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns.” is cliched, but true. As you put it, a criminal is by definition lawless — determined criminals even more so. They will always find ways to procure the weapons they need to commit the crimes they want to commit.
Those weapons don’t have to be guns to be harmful, of course. In Britain the nation’s radical gun ban has lead to a veritable epidemic of knife crimes. It’s true that that gun ban lead to a dramatic decrease in gun crimes. It’s also true that it lead to a correspondingly large increase in violent crime. With citizens — especially elderly or weaker citizens — unable to adequately defend themselves, criminals find their jobs made that much easier. Guns, in the use of properly trained individuals who take them seriously, provide an equalizer that dramatically alters the considerations for would-be robbers, rapists, and assailants.
As the saying went in the American West during the late 19th century: “God made men. Samuel Colt made them equal.” It’s a fabulous irony that the most outspoken proponents of egalitarian public policies ensure the basic inequality of criminals and unarmed, law-abiding citizens through blind devotion to their own ideology.
June 30th, 2009 at 2:55 pm
This is an ignorant statement……”120-pound woman (even armed with a bottle of pepper spray or other trendy non-lethal ‘weapon’) doesn’t stand a fighting chance against a strong and determined male aggressor.” When used properly, pepper spray temporarily blinds attackers regardless of their size. When the attacker cannot see you, you can escape.
June 30th, 2009 at 5:16 pm
Hello David. Thank you very much for joining the conversation.
To my knowledge, pepper spray available to civilians isn’t as effective as you make it sound. Mace, available to cops and the military, is that effective. It’s not widely available, however, because it’s so effective. Pepper spray, which is more mild, tends to produce effects similar to mace without the lasting damage mace can do to people’s eyes. It is demonstrably less effective, however, especially if you’re a 120-lb. woman faced with “a strong and determined male aggressor.”
In addition, the deterrent effect of mace is virtually nonexistent in comparison to that of a gun. Part of the argument for having a well armed and well trained citizenry is just that deterrent effect on crime. The knowledge that a prospective victim has the means to easily maim or kill him makes a prospective assailant significantly less likely to attack her. That simply isn’t the case with pepper spray.
Nor, in fact, is it as much the case with police enforcement or incarceration. “You could go to jail if you do that!” stops some novice criminals and most law-abiding citizens. It doesn’t stop determined criminals (i.e. the one group it’s meant to stop) because they either don’t care (their life outside is unattractive enough to make “3 hots and a cot” in jail attractive, or the prospect of getting the “street cred” of being in prison makes incarceration attractive) or they have a good idea how to evade police detection. For the man who doesn’t care about going to jail, being faced with a gun is one of the few deterrents he’ll respect, because he does probably care about being killed.
June 30th, 2009 at 6:54 pm
David,
Pepper spray suffers a number of issues that make it inadequate as a first, last, and only line of defense.
The first issue is range. A handgun allows a woman to project force not only to an attacker within arms’ length, but also to an attacker at the far end of the alley. Pepper spray has much, much more limited range. The FAQ section of prominent pepper-spray manufacturer “Sabre” states that pepper spray has a maximum range of 12 feet.
Because pepper spray cannot be deployed effectively until the attacker is deeply within the deadly 21-foot zone (the zone in which an average attacker can reach a victim in a second or less), it does not reliably create the escape opportunities you claim. Within 21 feet, even a temporarily blind attacker can crash into, tackle, and pummel a victim–and can probably do it all before the victim has the presence of mind to drop her pepper spray and run. The space and time are just too compressed for pepper spray to make a difference reliably. Can pepper spray create an escape path sometimes? Sure. Will it do so reliably? No. And reliability is vital to a defensive weapon.
Another effectiveness issue is that spraying anything but the eyes has not even have a chance of slowing down an attack. That’s a very small target to hit under ideal circumstances–let alone in a dark alley at 3 am when the attacker is running at you, and you’re running backwards trying to figure out how to release the safety on your pepper spray bottle and figure out which part of the dark mass rushing at you is the eye socket.
Another effectiveness issue is that pepper spray drifts on even a slight breeze such that the user faces a substantial risk of being hit with her own weapon.
Another issue is deterrence. In 90% of encounters between an armed civilian and a criminal, the criminal runs at the sight of the gun. In 75% of the remaining 10% of cases, the criminal runs at the first shot, regardless of whether they are hit. So, carrying, drawing, and firing a gun once–hit or miss–will terminate 97.5% of all attacks. Pepper spray, by contrast, has not been observed to have a significant deterrent effect.
Another issue is that pepper spray is usually more difficult to deploy than a handgun. Armed individuals–even women–tend to carry the gun on their person, in one of a number of positions that are very readily accessible to at least one hand, even during a struggle. Pepper spray, due to its awkward shape, tends more often to be carried in a purse or handbag. Very rarely does a mugger give a victim time to sort through her purse to find a weapon. A weapon that can’t be deployed in a hurry, while moving, running, or fighting with the free hand, isn’t worth anything, because it’s not likely to be available for use at the moment of attack.
Pepper spray is a fine part of a personal weapon system. It’s a useful tool in the toolbox, if carried together with (for example) a gun and a pocket knife. But it is simply not effective enough to trust your life to as a primary weapon.
July 2nd, 2009 at 4:36 pm
David
At the risk of piling on, I find your statement ignorant. These women’s self defense classes that do not involve weaponry are really doing a disservice. I am a large man, a virtual giant at 6′6, 320 pounds of muscle, a modern day Sampson if you will. Although I would never hurt a fly, to which Jeremy can attest, there is not one thing a woman can do to a man my size short of shooting him that would stop him (it may actually require several rounds, depending on the caliber). Kick in the testicles? Please, the only thing that would do is make me very, very angry. Pepper spray? You *$&#^&@ well better hit me squarely in the eyes and not be within arm’s reach. However, with a little training and a legal product, any woman could stop me dead (literally) in my tracks. If I was in a dark alley with your wife, your sister, your daughter, would you like to roll the dice on pepper spray? I didn’t think so.
July 7th, 2009 at 12:03 am
Jeremy –
Just out of curiosity - so you propose that women carry these handguns if not in their purse, where? Because if it’s in the purse, doesn’t that make a gun just as ineffective as pepper spray, (for recovery time)?
Where do you get stats on this?
July 7th, 2009 at 9:37 am
As for the stats, I pick them up at classes, trainings, and through my own reading. “Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun,”
by Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz, from The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Northwestern University School of Law, Volume 86, Number 1, Fall, 1995, is a good one.
Regarding the issue of female on-the-body carry, it’s a geometry problem that can be solved with the right combination of weapon, holster, and placement. There are a huge number of possibilities. Weapons range from full-sized duty guns down to two-shot palm-sized derringers.
There is great variety and quality in “subcompact” semiautomatic pistols that are remarkably slim and short in all dimensions, but function reliably, carry 6 to 8 shots, and pack a punch.
Holsters exist for wear outside or inside of the waistband for carry at the appendix, on the hip, at the kidney, or in the small of the back. Holsters also exist for shoulder carry under a jacket, for ankle carry under pants, for thigh carry under a skirt, and even for belly carry under a buttoned shirt of blouse.
Just about anyone, regardless of body type, can find a combination that is safe, comfortable, and concealable, given sensible clothing choices.
July 7th, 2009 at 10:23 am
I’m finding it hard to believe that a woman would wear a holster after, presumably, a night out that would lead her to this “dark alley” scenario.
Regardless, you can always make a good argument for Second amendment rights simply based on… the Second amendment.
July 7th, 2009 at 12:02 pm
“I’m finding it hard to believe that a woman would wear a holster after, presumably, a night out that would lead her to this “dark alley” scenario.”
Why?
July 7th, 2009 at 12:21 pm
It would ruin my outfit. Also, where I live (Minneapolis), you can’t bring guns into most stores/restaurants/bars/clubs, even with a concealed and carry permit. Stores, etc. may ban guns on their premises.
July 7th, 2009 at 12:31 pm
As to the outfit, that’s a matter of priority. If wearing tight or revealing clothing is more important than having the means of self-defense, then show off that back tattoo on the dance floor and pray no bad people take undue notice.
As to places that prohibit concealed carry–the list isn’t as long or inconvenient as you may think.
July 7th, 2009 at 1:07 pm
As to places that prohibit - I think you may be surprised at the high frequency where I live, at least the ones that I’ve noticed.
But just applying to this specific “dark alley” scenario - wouldn’t it be smarter (as a woman) to simply avoid places of high danger risk? Yes, of course I could be attacked at any time anywhere, but my chances would increase exponentially if alone at 3 am in an urban setting.
I would rather be smart, avoid unnecessarily dangerous situations, have sober friends (so I can flaunt my back tattoos), and not carry a gun. To me, the risk of being assaulted is so small, I would rather run that risk than carry a firearm.
July 7th, 2009 at 1:19 pm
“But just applying to this specific “dark alley” scenario - wouldn’t it be smarter (as a woman) to simply avoid places of high danger risk? Yes, of course I could be attacked at any time anywhere, but my chances would increase exponentially if alone at 3 am in an urban setting.”
Absolutely. Being smart about where you are and who you’re there with is your No. 1 defense. Situational awareness is a close second.
But sometimes bad things happen in ’safe’ places, like an ATM in a good part of town in broad daylight, or a college campus, or in an office building on the day a disgruntled employee decides to make news, or a gas station that happens to catch the eye of a drug fiend looking for a fix.
July 7th, 2009 at 1:34 pm
You’re right, bad things sometimes happen. It seems the fundamental difference here is that I (and presumably other non-gun owners) are willing to run that risk, and gun owners are not. It’s a more cynical world view, and I don’t mean that in a pejorative sense.
July 7th, 2009 at 1:45 pm
That’s about right. The mentality is that it’s better to plan for the worst and hope for the best than plan for the best and be utterly helpless if anything goes wrong.
July 7th, 2009 at 8:55 pm
Hey Molly. Let me see if I can transfer your and Jeremy’s discussion into a slightly different situation. Afterwords, let me know which person you think makes more sense.
SCENE: INSIDE AN AVERAGE APARTMENT NEAR LARGE LAKE WITH WALKING PATH ON A SATURDAY AFTERNOON.
Person 1: I feel like going for a walk around the lake today. What do you say?
Person 2: Sounds great! I’ve been wanting to go for a long walk for a while. The lake’s about 10 miles around, right?
Person 1: Yup. What’s the weather look like?
Person 2: **looking at weather website** Says here that it will be cloudy with a 20% chance of rain. Guess we should bring umbrellas.
Person 1: Umbrellas? Why?
Person 2: Um … be-cause there’s a 1 in 5 chance it will rain.
Person 1: **scoffs** That means that there’s a 4 in 5 chance that it WON’T rain.
Person 2: Well, yeah. But wouldn’t you rather be prepared for it to rain? I mean, if you’re wrong, all you do is carry a 1-pound umbrella around for a few hours, and if you’re right you stay pretty dry on a long walk rather than get soaked.
Person 1: That’s just cynical, negative thinking. You need to hope for the best! Positive thinking makes you a better person.
Person 2: What? How is positive thinking supposed to change the weather? If it’s going to rain, I want to stay dry.
Person 1: I want to stay dry, too. But I’m willing to risk the chance that I’ll get wet if it means keeping my positive outlook on life and not giving into the negative thinking that makes you take an umbrella on a long walk.
Person 2: **chuckling exasperatedly** Whatever. I’ll take an umbrella. You can get soaked if you like.
**They leave.**
Now, Molly, which person do you think makes more sense, and why?
July 7th, 2009 at 11:11 pm
Hmm, nice try Paul… I would probably the the one without the umbrella, because it would : a) most likely be unnecessary, b) require advance planning to purchase and carry (and would require watching a news show or weather website, which I don’t do), and c) cumbersome.
July 8th, 2009 at 9:40 am
Well, Molly, you are certainly consistent. Thanks for answering.
The “hope for the best, plan for the best” line of thinking you advocate was very popular for most of the past 8 years among certain influential groups in Washington. It informed our entire strategy in the Iraq War, in fact.
July 12th, 2009 at 10:54 am
Hello everybody, I’m back from Chautauqua New York, tanned and rested after a vacation to the liberal bastion of the free world (other than Michigan Law School).
Paul, you should really try to break into show business with that kind of dialogue, that’s every bit as good as what’s on Dharma and Greg or Friends or any of that other network garbage. In Molly’s defense, the chance of having to use a gun has got to be closer to 1 in a 1000 (or more) than 1 in 5. Also, I wonder how many people, even if they were carrying a gun, would fork over their wallet first anyway. I could be carrying a bazooka and wearing a bulletproof vest, but if I think I’m getting out of the situation by simply parting with some money, I’m doing it. But maybe I’m a big coward.
July 13th, 2009 at 9:22 am
Keith–
The point is to maximize your chances of going home unharmed in the event someone chooses to commit a crime against you. Maybe you’ll be able to hand over your wallet and be left alone on that unlucky day. If that works, great. But a lot of the time–especially with women–the bad guys want more than the wallet. Or, having the wallet, they decide they don’t want a witness. And then you need to go to plan B. A weapon drastically increases your chances of survival.
July 13th, 2009 at 2:13 pm
I don’t think you’re a big coward Keith - I think the smartest decision would always be to just hand over your wallet/purse and try to get the heck out of there.
The other issue we haven’t talked about is believing in your ability to pull the trigger. Obviously my ability will never be tested because I will never be a gun-owner, but to compare carrying an umbrella to prevent against rain to carrying a gun with the intent to kill seems a bit spurious to me. I can use an umbrella but I am unable and more importantly, unwilling to use a gun.
But anyway, Mayor Daley is a nut.
July 13th, 2009 at 10:51 pm
Both points worth discussing, Molly
The first is the hope that you can hand over your purse and just get out of there. As you implicitly admit, when you make that choice, you are throwing yourself on the mercy of your attacker and hoping that they don’t choose to harm you further. You very literally put your life in their hands, to do with as they wish. It’s a choice that may pan out for you, or may not–but it’s very debatable to say that it’s the “smartest” choice in every situation.
The second point is willingness to pull the trigger. If you know you aren’t capable of hurting anyone, even to save your own life or the life of a loved one, then you’re right–the gun is, at best, extraneous weight on your belt, and, at worst, an outright liability. Knowing thyself is critical in this endeavor.
July 20th, 2009 at 10:06 pm
“A weapon drastically increases your chances of survival.”
- Jeremy, comment 20
Can I see a citation here? I would be surprised if that is borne out in the literature (if there is any quality research on the subject) considering that many gun-carriers may also be more likely to be involved in crime. For example, criminals who want to secure their crime by force carry weapons, people who have been assaulted may choose to protect themselves with weapons. I would guess there is such a natural relationship between proximity to violence and gun-toting (for many people, certainly not for all people) that it would be impossible to limit the confounding influence of this factor when studying the relationship between carrying a weapon and survival.
That said…what support do you have for this comment?
July 21st, 2009 at 5:16 pm
I’ll let Jeremy answer you with the stats you requested, Benjamin. My answer is more intuitive.
If you encounter an assailant who has a gun and you have no gun, your chances of survival are virtually entirely dependent on the whims of your assailant. If, in the same situation, you yourself have a firearm for self-defense, your chances rest on substantially more than your assailant’s whims. They rest on the deterrent effect of your firearm — a substantial point , given that the best numbers we have indicate that at least 2 million people a year successfully use firearms in self-defense, most of that use involving deterrence (http://www.pulpless.com/gunclock/kleck2.html).
As for your comment about the proximity to violence and gun-toting, one could say something similar about many other items such as knives and alcohol. The question is not so much the guns themselves as the people using the guns. If a person has respect for alcohol and uses it responsibly he is not likely to get drunk. Likewise, if someone has proper respect for a firearm and is properly trained to use it, the only violence he is likely to initiate with his firearm will largely tend to be defensive in nature. If, on the other hand, a person with a firearm has it illegally (as the vast majority of those who commit crimes with guns do), uses it irresponsibly, and has no proper training, the likelihood of gun-toting leading to violence increases dramatically.
At no point is the relationship between gun-toting and violence likely to be nearly as simple as you seem to assume it is.
July 22nd, 2009 at 7:30 pm
I think you have both over and underestimated my point. I understand the logic behind how guns might reduce crime. I also did not say, nor did I mean to imply, that guns cannot, or are not mostly, owned and operated entirely within the boundaries of safety and legality.
What I said was that I can imagine how guns would seem to make people safer, but how this may not be the case in reality. I wondered if there was some quantitative data to support the position that carrying a gun actually translates to increased health or safety. Though I understand the argument for why this could be the case, I also can imagine that gun-owners might be more likely to encounter violence because the presence of violence in their lives may have confounded who owns guns and who does not, making a valid study difficult to perform (because you cannot really get 2 groups of people who are nearly identical except for the whether they own a gun or not).
While I appreciate and agree with your insight about gun safety, it misses the mark with respect to my question.
July 22nd, 2009 at 10:42 pm
Ben,
I thought I understood your question, but now that you’ve clarified it, I don’t. Could you rephrase?
July 31st, 2009 at 4:06 pm
The question is simply what support you have for the statement that “weapons drastically [increase] your chances of survival.”
The rest of my comment(s) were only explaining how I could conceive of factors which may make this issue difficult to study and/or quantify.